Burnability of High-Performance Cement Clinker Using KR Slag and Reduction Slag

Tae-hyung Kim; Young-jin Kim; Na-yeong Kim; Moon-Kwan Choi; WooCheol Jeong; Jin-sang Cho

doi:10.7844/kirr.2026.35.1.43

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2026 Vol.35, Issue 1 Preview Page Next Page

Research Paper

Burnability of High-Performance Cement Clinker Using KR Slag and Reduction Slag KR슬래그와 환원슬래그를 사용한 고성능 시멘트 클링커의 소성 특성

28 February 2026. pp. 43-55

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Abstract

In the cement industry, research on replacing the primary raw material, limestone, with non-carbonate industrial by-products is essential to reduce CO₂ emissions. This study aims to manufacture high-performance cement clinker using a mixture of Kambara Reactor (KR) slag and reduction slag, which are by-products of the steelmaking process. A total of 5 types of clinker were sintered at 1,450℃, with the mixed slag substitution rate (0, 10, 15 wt. %) and Lime Saturation Factor (LSF: 100, 101) set as the main variables. The raw material characterization results demonstrated that the KR and reduction slags contained approximately 20~34 wt. % of belite (Dicalcium Silicate, C₂S), an intermediate product in clinker phases, indicating their potential to shorten the alite (Tricalcium Silicate, C₃S) formation reaction pathway. In particular, reduction slag containing 60 wt. % f Mayenite (Dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate, C₁₂A₇) as its main mineral phase, which was expected to promote the sintering process. A quantitative mineral phase analysis of the clinker revealed that 10 wt. % mixed slag substitution and an LSF of 100, the content of C₃S, the main strength developing mineral, was 76.0 wt. %. This value was significantly higher than that of the reference clinker (C₃S, 64.8 wt. %), which had no by-product substitution, confirming the potential for high performance. Furthermore, the TG/DSC analysis showed that the initial C₃S formation temperature for the mixed slag condition was 1,206℃, which is up to 65℃ lower than that of the reference. This indicates that the use of mixed slag enhances burnability. This is attributed to the combined effects of C₂S in the slag acting as a precursor to shorten the reaction pathway, and C₁₂A₇ in the reduction slag acting as a flux. This approach, offers the advantage of simultaneously achieving high performance and enhanced burnability and, presents a novel pathway for the development of low-carbon, high-performance cement.

Keywords

Cement clinker

Mixed slag

C₃S

Burnability

시멘트 산업은 CO₂ 배출량 감축을 위해 주원료인 석회석을 비탄산계 산업부산물로 대체하는 연구가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 제강 공정 부산물인 KR슬래그(Kambara Reactor slag)와 환원슬래그를 혼합 사용하여 고성능 시멘트 클링커를 제조하고자 하였다. 혼합슬래그 대체율(0, 10, 15 wt. %)과 석회포화비(LSF: 100, 101)를 주요 변수로 설정하여 총 5종의 클링커를 1,450℃에서 소성하였다. 원료 특성 분석 결과, 사용된 KR슬래그와 환원슬래그는 시멘트 광물상의 중간 생성물인 벨라이트(Dicalcium Silicate, C₂S)를 약 20~34 wt. % 함유하여 알라이트(Tricalcium Silicate, C₃S) 생성 반응 경로를 단축시킬 수 있는 잠재력을 보였다. 특히 환원슬래그는 주 광물상으로 Mayenite(Dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate, C₁₂A₇)를 60 wt. % 이상 함유하고 있어 소성 반응 촉진이 기대되었다. 클링커의 광물상 정량분석 결과, 혼합슬래그를 10 wt. % 대체하고 LSF를 100으로 설계한 조건에서 주 강도 발현 광물인 C₃S 함량이 76.0 wt. %로 산업부산물 대체율이 적용되지 않은 대조군 클링커(C₃S, 64.8 wt. %) 대비 월등히 높게 나타나 고성능화 가능성을 확인하였다. 또한, TG/DSC 분석 결과 혼합슬래그를 사용한 조건에서 C₃S 생성 초기 피크 온도가 기준 대비 최대 65℃ 낮은 1,206℃로 확인되어, 슬래그 혼합 사용이 클링커의 소성 특성을 개선함을 입증하였다. 이는 슬래그에 포함된 C₂S가 전구물질로 작용하여 반응 경로 단축, 환원슬래그 내 C₁₂A₇의 융제(flux) 역할이 복합적으로 작용한 결과로, 고성능화와 소성 특성 향상을 동시에 달성할 수 있는 이점을 통해 저탄소 고성능 시멘트 개발의 새로운 경로를 제시한다.

키워드

시멘트 클링커

혼합슬래그

C₃S

소성 특성

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Information

Publisher :The Korean Institute of Resources Recycling
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원리싸이클링학회
Journal Title :Resources Recycling
Journal Title(Ko) :자원리싸이클링
Volume : 35
No :1
Pages :43-55
Received Date : 2025-10-29
Revised Date : 2025-12-19
Accepted Date : 2025-12-24
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7844/kirr.2026.35.1.43

Resources Recycling ISSN:2765-3439(Print) 2765-3447(Online) 자원리싸이클링

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