3D CFD Simulations for Bubbling Fluidized Bed Operation of a Fine Iron Ore with H2 Gas or COG as a Carrier Gas

Hanggoo Kim; Om Shankar Dinkar; Kyoungkeun Yoo

doi:10.7844/kirr.2026.35.3.53

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2026 Vol.35, Issue 3 Preview Page Next Page

Technical Research Paper

3D CFD Simulations for Bubbling Fluidized Bed Operation of a Fine Iron Ore with H₂ Gas or COG as a Carrier Gas 수소 및 코크스오븐가스를 유동 가스로 사용하는 미분 철광석의 기포 유동층 운전에 관한 3D 전산유체역학 시뮬레이션

30 June 2026. pp. 53-64

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Abstract

In this study, 3D CFD simulations were performed for a cylindrical bubbling fluidized bed with 0.2 m diameter to understand the influences of operating parameters in the fluidized bed reduction of a fine iron ore for the production of direct reduced iron (DRI). For this purpose, H₂ and COG, two gases with markedly different viscosity and density were examined as carrier gases, and the results are compared in the ranges of the ratio of stagnant bed height to diameter at 0.5~1.5, and the angle of gas nozzles in the gas distributor at 60 ~ 90°. In the simulation, the reduction temperature applied is set to 700°C, the operation pressure to 2 bar, and the particle size of iron to 1 mm. The results of the simulation show that the fluidization behavior of the fine particles is significantly affected by the physicochemical properties of carrier gas, the bed height and the nozzle angle towards the wall of the fluidized bed reactor. In addition, based on the quantitative results of the simulation, it is expected that the optimization of the nozzle angles in the fluidized bed reactor can prevent problems such as defluidization and falling down of ore fines through nozzles, which are commonly encountered in fluidized beds.

Keywords

Hydrogen Reduction

Fluidized Bed

CFD Simulation

COG

Gas Distributor

본 연구에서는 직접환원철 생산을 위한 미분 철광석의 유동층 환원 공정에서 조업 변수의 영향을 파악하기 위해, 내경 0.2m의 원통형 기포 유동층에 대한 3D CFD 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 이를 위해 점도와 밀도가 현저히 다른 수소(H₂)와 코크스 오븐 가스(Coke oven gas, COG)를 유동 가스로 사용하였으며, 유동화 되기 전 정지층 높이 대 직경 비를 0.5~1.5 범위로, 가스 분산판의 노즐 각도를 60~90° 범위로 변화시켜 그 결과를 비교하였다. 시뮬레이션에서 환원 온도는 700°C, 운전 압력은 2 bar, 철광석 입자 크기는 1 mm로 설정하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 미분 입자의 유동화 거동은 유동 가스의 물리화학적 특성, 층 높이, 유동층 반응기 벽면 방향의 노즐 각도에 의해 크게 영향을 받음을 확인하였다. 또한 시뮬레이션의 정량적 결과를 통해, 유동층 반응기 내 노즐 각도의 최적화가 유동층에서 흔히 발생하는 비유동화 및 분산판 노즐을 통한 광석 미분의 낙하와 같은 문제를 해결할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

키워드

수소 환원

유동층

전산유체역학 시뮬레이션

코크스오븐가스

가스 분산판

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Information

Publisher :The Korean Institute of Resources Recycling
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원리싸이클링학회
Journal Title :Resources Recycling
Journal Title(Ko) :자원리싸이클링
Volume : 35
No :3
Pages :53-64
Received Date : 2026-05-11
Revised Date : 2026-06-18
Accepted Date : 2026-06-19
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7844/kirr.2026.35.3.53

Resources Recycling ISSN:2765-3439(Print) 2765-3447(Online) 자원리싸이클링

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