Leaching of Smelting Reduced Metallic Alloy of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries by the Mixture of Hydrochloric Acid and H2O2

Hyun Seung Moon; Thanh Tuan Tran; Man Seung Lee

doi:10.7844/kirr.2021.30.5.25

All Issue

2021 Vol.30, Issue 5 Preview Page Next Page

Research Paper

Leaching of Smelting Reduced Metallic Alloy of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries by the Mixture of Hydrochloric Acid and H₂O₂ 과산화수소를 혼합한 염산용액으로 폐리튬이온배터리의 용융환원된 금속합금의 침출

31 October 2021. pp. 25-31

PDF XML

Abstract

Smelting reduction of spent lithium-ion batteries results in the production of metallic alloys in which reduced cobalt, nickel and copper coexist. In this study, we investigated the leaching of the metallic alloys containing the above three metals together with iron, manganese, and silicon. The mixture of hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent was employed, and the effect of the concentration thereof, the reaction time and temperature, and pulp density was investigated to accomplish the complete leaching of cobalt, nickel, and copper. The effect of the hydrogen peroxide concentration and pulp density on the leaching was prominent, compared to that of reaction time and temperature, especially in the range of 20 to 80°C. The complete leaching of the metals present in metallic alloys, except silicon, was accomplished using 2 M HCl and 5% H₂O₂ with a pulp density of 30 g/L for 150 min at 60°C.

Keywords

Spent lithium ion batteries

cobalt

nickel

recovery

leaching

HCl

폐리튬이온배터리를 고온에서 용융환원처리하면 코발트, 니켈 및 구리가 환원된 금속을 얻을 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 상기 금속외에 망간, 철 및 규소가 같이 환원된 금속합금의 침출을 조사하였다. 침출용액으로 염산에 과산화수소를 산화제로 첨가해 염산과 산화제의 농도, 반응시간 및 온도와 광액밀도를 변화시켜 니켈, 코발트 및 구리를 99% 이상 침출시킬 수 있는 조건을 조사하였다. 과산화수소 농도와 광액밀도가 금속의 침출에 미치는 영향이 현저했으며 20에서 80°C의 반응온도범위에서 반응온도는 침출에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 2 M의 염산용액에서 5%의 과산화수소를 혼합한 용액으로 60°C의 반응온도와 30 g/L의 광액밀도조건에서 150분 반응시키면 규소를 제외한 모든 금속이 99% 이상 침출되었다.

키워드

폐리튬배터리

코발트

니켈

회수

침출

염산

References

Dia, Y., Xu, Z., Hua, D., et al., 2020 : Theoretical-molar Fe³⁺ recovering lithium from spent LiFePO₄ batteries: an acid-free, efficient, and selective process, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 396, 122707. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.12270732353734

Sun, Y., Zhu, M., Yao, Y., et al., 2020 : A novel approach for the selective extraction of Li⁺ from the leaching solution of spent lithium-ion batteries using benzo-15-crown-5 ether as extractant, Separation and Purification Technology, 237, 116325. 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116325

Chen, S., Wang, Z., Yan, W., 2020 : Identification and characteristic analysis of powder ejected from a lithium ion battery during thermal runaway at elevated temperatures, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 400, 123169. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.12316932574883

Li, J., Lai, Y., Zhu, X.., et al., 2020 : Pyrolysis kinetics and reaction mechanism of the electrode materials during the spent LiCoO₂ batteries recovery process, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 398, 122955. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.12295532474320

Yadav, P., Jie, C. J., Tan, S., et al., 2020 : Recycling of cathode from spent lithium iron phosphate batteries, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 399, 123068. 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.12306832521319

Winslow, K. M., Laux, S. J., Rownsend, T. G., 2018 : A review on the growing concern and potential management strategies of waste lithium-ion batteries, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 129, pp.263-277. 10.1016/j.resconrec.2017.11.001

Yang, J., Gu, F., Guo, J., 2020 : Environmental feasibility of secondary use of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries in communication base stations, Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 156, 104713. 10.1016/j.resconrec.2020.104713

Fernandes, A., Afonso, J. C., Dutra, A. J. B., 2012 : Hydrometallurgical route to recover nickel, cobalt and cadmium from spent Ni-Cd batteries, Journal of Power Sources, 220, pp.286-291. 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.08.011

Wang, X., Gaustad, G., Babbitt, C. W., 2016 : Targeting high value metals in lithium-ion battery recycling via shredding and size-based separation, Waste Management, 51, pp.204-213. 10.1016/j.wasman.2015.10.02626577459

Liu, C., Deng, Y., Chen, J., et al., 2017 : An Integrated Process to Recover NiMH Battery Anode Alloy with Selective Leaching and Multi-stage Extraction, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research.

Pindar, S., Dhawan, N., 2020 : Recycling of mixed discarded lithium-ion batteries via microwave processing route, Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 25, e00157. 10.1016/j.susmat.2020.e00157

Silveira, G. T. R., Chang, S. Y. 2010 : Cell phone recycling experiences in the United States and potential recycling options in Brazil, Waste Management, 30, pp.2278-2291. 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.05.01120554440

Bertuol, D. A., Bernardes, A. M., Tenorio, J. A. S., 2006 : Spent NiMH batteries: Characterization and metal recovery through mechanical processing, Journal of Power Sources, 160, pp.1465-1470. 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.02.091

Hageluken, C., 2006 : Recycling of Electronic Scrap at Umicore’s Integrated Metals Smelter and Refinery, World of Metallurgy - ERZMETALL, 59, pp.154-161.

Lisbona, D., Snee, T., 2011 : A review of hazards associated with primary lithium and lithium-ion batteries, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 89, pp.434-442. 10.1016/j.psep.2011.06.022

Li, L., Ge, J., Chen, R., et al., 2010 : Environmental friendly leaching reagent for cobalt and lithium recovery from spent lithium-ion batteries, Waste Management. 30, pp.2615-2621. 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.08.00820817431

Aaltonen, M., Peng, C., P.Wilson, B., et al., 2017 : Leaching ofMetals from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries, Recycling, 2(20), pp.1-9. 10.3390/recycling2040020

Peng, C., Hamuyuni, J., P.Wilson, B., et al., 2018 : Selective reductive leaching of cobalt and lithium from industrially crushed waste Li-ion batteries in sulfuric acid system, Waste Management, 76, pp.582-590. 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.05229510945

Chen, X., Chen, Y., Zhou, T., 2015 : Hydrometallurgical recovery of metal values from sulfuric acid leaching liquor of spent lithium-ion batteries, Waste Management, 38, pp.349-356. 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.12.02325619126

Chen, L., Tang, X., Zhang, Y., et al., 2011 : Process for the recovery of cobalt oxalate from spent lithium-ion batteries, Hydrometallurgy, 108(1-2), pp.80-86. 10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.02.010

Moon, H. S., Song, S. J., Tran, T. T., et al., 2021 : Leaching of Cobalt and Nickel from Metallic Mixtures by Inorganic and Organic Acid Solutions, Resources Recycling, 30(2), pp.53-60.

Rybka, P., Regel-Rosocka, M., 2012 : Nickel and Cobalt Extraction from Chloride Solutions with Quaternary Phosphonium Salts, Separation Science and Technology, 47(9), pp.1296-1302. 10.1080/01496395.2012.672532

Tran, T. T., Moon, H. S., Lee, M. S., 2020 : Separation of Cobalt, Nickel, and Copper from Synthetic Metallic Alloy by Selective Dissolution with Acid Solutions Containing Oxidizing Agent, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, pp.1-13. 10.1080/08827508.2020.1858079

Information

Publisher :The Korean Institute of Resources Recycling
Publisher(Ko) :한국자원리싸이클링학회
Journal Title :Resources Recycling
Journal Title(Ko) :자원리싸이클링
Volume : 30
No :5
Pages :25-31
Received Date : 2021-09-08
Revised Date : 2021-09-28
Accepted Date : 2021-09-30
DOI :https://doi.org/10.7844/kirr.2021.30.5.25

Resources Recycling ISSN:2765-3439(Print) 2765-3447(Online) 자원리싸이클링

All Issue